Unter Holmium-Isotope werden alle Atomkerne des chemischen Elements Holmium zusammengefasst; diese bestehen allesamt aus einem Atomkern mit 67 Protonen und im ungeladenen Zustand aus 67 Elektronen. Der Unterschied zwischen den einzelnen Holmium-Isotopen beruht auf der Anzahl der Neutronen im Kern.
Natürlich auftretende Holmium-Isotope
In der Natur tritt nur ein einziges Isotop des Holmiums auf: 165Ho, Standard-Atommasse 164,93033(2) u.
Alle anderen bisher bekannten und charakterisierten Holmium-Nuklide sind instabil und besitzen keinerlei Bedeutung für technische Anwendungen.
Isotopentabelle: Holmium
Isotop Nuklid | Z | A | N | Name | Atommasse [Kernmasse] {Massenüberschuss} | Spin I (h/2π) | μ | A-Nuk |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
140Ho | 67 | 140 | 73 | Holmium-140 | 139,96859(54) u [139,9318383 u] {-29,25823 MeV} | (8+) | ||
141Ho | 67 | 141 | 74 | Holmium-141 | 140,96311(43) u [140,9263583 u] {-34,36281 MeV} | (7/2-) | ||
141mHo | 67 | 141 | 74 | Holmium-141m | 140,96311(43) u [140,9263583 u] {-34,36281 MeV} | (1/2+) | ||
142Ho | 67 | 142 | 75 | Holmium-142 | 141,96001(43) u [141,9232583 u] {-37,25045 MeV} | (7-,8+) | ||
143Ho | 67 | 143 | 76 | Holmium-143 | 142,95486(32) u [142,9181083 u] {-42,04764 MeV} | (11/2-) | ||
144Ho | 67 | 144 | 77 | Holmium-144 | 143,952110(9) u [143,9153583 u] {-44,60925 MeV} | (5-) | ||
144mHo | 67 | 144 | 77 | Holmium-144m | 143,952110(9) u [143,9153583 u] {-44,60925 MeV} | (8+) | ||
145Ho | 67 | 145 | 78 | Holmium-145 | 144,947267(8) u [144,9105153 u] {-49,12047 MeV} | (11/2-) | ||
146Ho | 67 | 146 | 79 | Holmium-146 | 145,944994(7) u [145,9082423 u] {-51,23776 MeV} | (6-) | ||
147Ho | 67 | 147 | 80 | Holmium-147 | 146,940142(5) u [146,9033903 u] {-55,75737 MeV} | (11/2-) | ||
148Ho | 67 | 148 | 81 | Holmium-148 | 147,93774(9) u [147,9009883 u] {-57,99482 MeV} | (1+) | 148Er 149Tm | |
148m1Ho | 67 | 148 | 81 | Holmium-148m1 | 147,93774(9) u [147,9009883 u] {-57,99482 MeV} | (5)- | ||
148m2Ho | 67 | 148 | 81 | Holmium-148m2 | 147,93774(9) u [147,9009883 u] {-57,99482 MeV} | (10)+ | ||
149Ho | 67 | 149 | 82 | Holmium-149 | 148,933820(13) u [148,8970683 u] {-61,64627 MeV} | (11/2-) | 149Er 150Tm 153Tm | |
149m1Ho | 67 | 149 | 82 | Holmium-149m1 | 148,933820(13) u [148,8970683 u] {-61,64627 MeV} | (1/2+) | ||
150Ho | 67 | 150 | 83 | Holmium-150 | 149,933498(15) u [149,8967463 u] {-61,94621 MeV} | (2)- | 150Er 154Tm | |
150m1Ho | 67 | 150 | 83 | Holmium-150m1 | 149,933498(15) u [149,8967463 u] {-61,94621 MeV} | (9)+ | ||
151Ho | 67 | 151 | 84 | Holmium-151 | 150,931698(9) u [150,8949463 u] {-63,6229 MeV} | (11/2-) | 151Er 155Tm | |
151mHo | 67 | 151 | 84 | Holmium-151m | 150,931698(9) u [150,8949463 u] {-63,6229 MeV} | (1/2+) | ||
152Ho | 67 | 152 | 85 | Holmium-152 | 151,931717(13) u [151,8949653 u] {-63,6052 MeV} | 2- | - 1,02(2) | 152Er 156Tm |
152mHo | 67 | 152 | 85 | Holmium-152m | 151,931717(13) u [151,8949653 u] {-63,6052 MeV} | 9+ | + 5,94(5) | |
153Ho | 67 | 153 | 86 | Holmium-153 | 152,930207(5) u [152,8934553 u] {-65,01176 MeV} | 11/2- | - 6,81(5) | 153Er |
153mHo | 67 | 153 | 86 | Holmium-153m | 152,930207(5) u [152,8934553 u] {-65,01176 MeV} | 1/2+ | + 1,19(1) | |
154Ho | 67 | 154 | 87 | Holmium-154 | 153,930607(9) u [153,8938553 u] {-64,63916 MeV} | 2- | - 0,643(6) | 154Er |
154mHo | 67 | 154 | 87 | Holmium-154m | 153,930607(9) u [153,8938553 u] {-64,63916 MeV} | 8+ | 5,63(6) | |
155Ho | 67 | 155 | 88 | Holmium-155 | 154,929104(19) u [154,8923523 u] {-66,0392 MeV} | 5/2+ | + 3,51(3) | 155Er |
155mHo | 67 | 155 | 88 | Holmium-155m | 154,929104(19) u [154,8923523 u] {-66,0392 MeV} | 11/2- | ||
156Ho | 67 | 156 | 89 | Holmium-156 | 155,92971(6) u [155,8929583 u] {-65,47471 MeV} | 4- | + 2,98(3) | 156Er |
156m1Ho | 67 | 156 | 89 | Holmium-156m1 | 155,92971(6) u [155,8929583 u] {-65,47471 MeV} | 1- | ||
156m2Ho | 67 | 156 | 89 | Holmium-156m2 | 155,92971(6) u [155,8929583 u] {-65,47471 MeV} | 9+ | ||
157Ho | 67 | 157 | 90 | Holmium-157 | 156,928252(25) u [156,8915003 u] {-66,83283 MeV} | 7/2- | + 4,34(3) | 157Er |
158Ho | 67 | 158 | 91 | Holmium-158 | 157,928945(29) u [157,8921933 u] {-66,18731 MeV} | 5+ | + 3,77(3) | 158Er |
158m1Ho | 67 | 158 | 91 | Holmium-158m1 | 157,928945(29) u [157,8921933 u] {-66,18731 MeV} | 2- | + 2,44(3) | |
158m2Ho | 67 | 158 | 91 | Holmium-158m2 | 157,928945(29) u [157,8921933 u] {-66,18731 MeV} | (9+) | ||
159Ho | 67 | 159 | 92 | Holmium-159 | 158,927719(3) u [158,8909673 u] {-67,32932 MeV} | 7/2- | + 4,28(3) | 159Er |
159mHo | 67 | 159 | 92 | Holmium-159m | 158,927719(3) u [158,8909673 u] {-67,32932 MeV} | 1/2+ | ||
160Ho | 67 | 160 | 93 | Holmium-160 | 159,928735(16) u [159,8919833 u] {-66,38292 MeV} | 5+ | + 3,71(3) | 160Er |
160m1Ho | 67 | 160 | 93 | Holmium-160m1 | 159,928735(16) u [159,8919833 u] {-66,38292 MeV} | 2- | + 2,52(3) | |
160m2Ho | 67 | 160 | 93 | Holmium-160m2 | 159,928735(16) u [159,8919833 u] {-66,38292 MeV} | (9+) | ||
161Ho | 67 | 161 | 94 | Holmium-161 | 160,9278608(24) u [160,8911091 u] {-67,19723 MeV} | 7/2- | + 4,25(3) | 161Er |
161mHo | 67 | 161 | 94 | Holmium-161m | 160,9278608(24) u [160,8911091 u] {-67,19723 MeV} | 1/2+ | ||
162Ho | 67 | 162 | 95 | Holmium-162 | 161,929101(3) u [161,8923493 u] {-66,04199 MeV} | 1+ | 2,32(3) | |
162mHo | 67 | 162 | 95 | Holmium-162m | 161,929101(3) u [161,8923493 u] {-66,04199 MeV} | 6- | + 3,60(4) | |
163Ho | 67 | 163 | 96 | Holmium-163 | 162,9287399(8) u [162,8919882 u] {-66,37836 MeV} | 7/2- | 4,22(4) | 163Er |
163mHo | 67 | 163 | 96 | Holmium-163m | 162,9287399(8) u [162,8919882 u] {-66,37836 MeV} | 1/2+ | ||
164Ho | 67 | 164 | 97 | Holmium-164 | 163,9302395(16) u [163,8934878 u] {-64,98149 MeV} | 1+ | ||
164mHo | 67 | 164 | 97 | Holmium-164m | 163,9302395(16) u [163,8934878 u] {-64,98149 MeV} | 6- | ||
165Ho | 67 | 165 | 98 | Holmium-165 | 164,93033(2) u [164,8935783 u] {-64,89719 MeV} | 7/2- | + 4,177(5) | 165Er 165Dy |
166Ho | 67 | 166 | 99 | Holmium-166 | 165,9322901(11) u [165,8955384 u] {-63,07137 MeV} | 0- | 166Dy | |
166mHo | 67 | 166 | 99 | Holmium-166m | 165,9322901(11) u [165,8955384 u] {-63,07137 MeV} | 7- | 3,60(5) | |
167Ho | 67 | 167 | 100 | Holmium-167 | 166,933139(6) u [166,8963873 u] {-62,28062 MeV} | 7/2- | 167Dy | |
168Ho | 67 | 168 | 101 | Holmium-168 | 167,93552(3) u [167,8987683 u] {-60,06273 MeV} | 3+ | 168Dy | |
168mHo | 67 | 168 | 101 | Holmium-168m | 167,93552(3) u [167,8987683 u] {-60,06273 MeV} | (6+) | ||
169Ho | 67 | 169 | 102 | Holmium-169 | 168,936879(22) u [168,9001273 u] {-58,79683 MeV} | 7/2- | 169Dy | |
170Ho | 67 | 170 | 103 | Holmium-170 | 169,93963(5) u [169,9028783 u] {-56,23429 MeV} | (6+) | ||
170mHo | 67 | 170 | 103 | Holmium-170m | 169,93963(5) u [169,9028783 u] {-56,23429 MeV} | (1+) | ||
171Ho | 67 | 171 | 104 | Holmium-171 | 170,94147(64) u [170,9047183 u] {-54,52034 MeV} | (7/2-) | ||
172Ho | 67 | 172 | 105 | Holmium-172 | 171,94473(21) u [171,9079783 u] {-51,48367 MeV} | |||
173Ho | 67 | 173 | 106 | Holmium-173 | 172,94702(32) u [172,9102683 u] {-49,35055 MeV} | (7/2-) | ||
174Ho | 67 | 174 | 107 | Holmium-174 | 173,95095(32) u [173,9141983 u] {-45,68978 MeV} | (8-) | ||
175Ho | 67 | 175 | 108 | Holmium-175 | 174,95362(43) u [174,9168683 u] {-43,20269 MeV} | (7/2-) |
Isotop | Zerfall (radioaktiver Zerfall) | AE | Mehr | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Halbwertszeit | Zerfallsart | Anteil | Energie | Info | ||
1 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
Ho-140 | 6(3) ms | p zu 139Dy | 100 % | AL | ||
Ho-141 | 4,1(3) ms | p zu 140Dy | 100 % | AL | ||
Ho-141m | 7,3(3) μs | p zu 140Dy | 100 % | 66(12) keV | ||
Ho-142 | 0,4(1) s | p zu 141Dy EE/β+ zu 142Dy ε, p zu 141Tb | ca. 0 % ca. 100 % > 0 % | 12,87(83) MeV | AL | |
Ho-143 | EE/β+ ? ε, p ? | AL | ||||
Ho-144 | 0,7(1) s | EE/β+ zu 144Dy ε, p zu 143Tb | 100 % ? | 11,961(11) MeV | AL | |
Ho-144m | 506(20) ns | Iso zu 144Ho | 100 % | 265,3(3) keV | ||
Ho-145 | 2,4(1) s | EE/β+ zu 145Dy | 100 % | 9,122(10) MeV | AL | |
Ho-146 | 3,32(22) s | EE/β+ zu 146Dy EE, p 145Tb | 100 % ? | 11,317(9) MeV | AL | |
Ho-147 | 5,8(4) s | EE/β+ zu 147Dy | 100 % | 8,439(10) MeV | AL | |
Ho-148 | 2,2(11) s | EE/β+ zu 148Dy | 100 % | 9,87(8) MeV | AL | |
Ho-148m1 | 9,59(15) s | EE/β+ zu 148Dy ε, p zu 147Tb | 99,92(1) % 0,08(1) % | 0 + X keV | ||
Ho-148m2 | 2,36(6) ms | Iso zu 148Ho | 100 % | 694,4+X keV | ||
Ho-149 | 21,1(2) s | EE/β+ zu 149Dy | 100 % | 6,049(15) MeV | AL | |
Ho-149m1 | 56(3) s | EE/β+ zu 149Dy | 100 % | 48,8(2) keV | ||
Ho-150 | 72(4) s | EE/β+ zu 150Dy | 100 % | 7,364(15) MeV | AL | |
Ho-150m1 | 23,5(3) s | EE/β+ zu 150Dy | 100 % | ca. 800 keV | ||
Ho-151 | 35,2(1) s | EE/β+ zu 151Dy α zu 147Tb | 78(3) % 22(3) % | 5,130(9) MeV 4,6950(18) MeV | AL | |
Ho-151m | 47,2(13) s | EE/β+ zu 151Dy α zu 147Tb | ca. 20 % ca. 80 % | 41,0(2) keV | ||
Ho-152 | 161,8(3) s | EE/β+ zu 152Dy α zu 148Tb | 88(3) % 12(3) % | 6,513(13) MeV 4,5074(13) MeV | AL | |
Ho-152m | 49,8(2) s | EE/β+ zu 152Dy α zu 148Tb | 89,2(17) % 10,8(27) % | 160(1) keV | ||
Ho-153 | 2,01(3) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 153Dy α zu 149Tb | 99,949(25) % 0,051(25) % | 4,131(6) MeV 4,052(4) MeV | AL | |
Ho-153m | 9,3(5) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 153Dy α zu 149Tb | 99,82(8) % 0,18(8) % | 68,7(3) keV | ||
Ho-154 | 11,76(19) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 154Dy α zu 150Tb | 99,981(5) % 0,019(5) % | 5,755(11) MeV 4,041(4) MeV | AL | |
Ho-154m | 3,10(14) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 154Dy α zu 150Tb Iso zu 154Ho | > 99 % < 0,001 % ca. 0 % | +X keV | ||
Ho-155 | 48(1) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 155Dy | 100 % | 3,116(20) MeV | AL | |
Ho-155m | 0,88(8) ms | Iso zu 155Ho | 100 % | 141,97(11) keV | ||
Ho-156 | 56(1) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 156Dy | 100 % | 5,05(6) MeV | AL | |
Ho-156m1 | 9,5(15) s | Iso zu 156Ho | 100 % | 52,37 keV | ||
Ho-156m2 | 7,6(3) Minuten | Iso zu 156Ho EE/β+ zu 156Dy | 25 % 75 % | 52,37+x keV | ||
Ho-157 | 12,6(2) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 157Dy | 100 % | 2,592(24) MeV | AL | |
Ho-158 | 11,3(4) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 158Dy | 100 % | 4,220(27) MeV | AL | |
Ho-158m1 | 28(2) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 158Dy Iso zu 158Ho | < 19 % > 81 % | 67,20(1) keV | ||
Ho-158m2 | 21,3(23) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 158Dy Iso zu 158Ho | ≥ 93 % ≤ 7 % | 180 keV | ||
Ho-159 | 33,05(11) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 159Dy | 100 % | 1,838(3) MeV | AL | |
Ho-159m | 8,30(8) s | Iso zu 159Ho | 100 % | 205,91(5) keV | ||
Ho-160 | 25,6(3) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 160Dy | 100 % | 3,290(15) MeV | AL | |
Ho-160m1 | 5,02(5) Stunden | EE/β+ zu 160Dy Iso zu 160Ho | 27(3) % 73(3) % | 59,98(3) keV | ||
Ho-160m2 | 3 s | Iso zu 160Ho | 100 % | 169,6+x keV | ||
Ho-161 | 2,48(5) Stunden | EE zu 161Dy | 100 % | 0,8585(24) MeV | AL | |
Ho-161m | 6,76(7) s | Iso zu 161Ho | 100 % | 211,15(3) keV | ||
Ho-162 | 15,0(10) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 162Dy | 100 % | 2,140(3) MeV | AL | |
Ho-162m | 67,0(7) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 162Dy Iso zu 162Ho | 38 % 62 % | 105,87(6) keV | ||
Ho-163 | 4570(25) Jahre | EE zu 163Dy | 100 % | 2,56 MeV | AL | |
Ho-163m | 1,09(3) s | Iso zu 163Ho | 100 % | 297,88(7) keV | ||
Ho-164 | 28,8(5) Minuten | EE/β+ zu 164Dy β- zu 164Er | 60(5) % 40(5) % | 0,9865(17) MeV 0,9614(14) MeV | AL | |
Ho-164m | 36,6(3) Minuten | Iso zu 164Ho | 100 % | 139,78(7) keV | ||
Ho-165 | stabil | AL | ||||
Ho-166 | 26,824(12) Stunden | β- zu 166Er | 100 % | 1,8547(9) MeV | AL | |
Ho-166m | 1200(180) Jahre | β- zu 166Er | 100 % | 5,969(12) keV | ||
Ho-167 | 3,1(1) Stunden | β- zu 167Er | 100 % | 1,011(5) MeV | AL | |
Ho-168 | 2,99(7) Minuten | β- zu 168Er | 100 % | 2,93(3) MeV | AL | |
Ho-168m | 132(4) s | β- zu 168Er Iso zu 168Ho | ≤ 0,5 % ≥ 99,5 % | 59 keV | ||
Ho-169 | 4,72(10) Minuten | β- zu 169Er | 100 % | 2,126(2) MeV | AL | |
Ho-170 | 2,76(5) Minuten | β- zu 170Er | 100 % | 3,87(5) MeV | AL | |
Ho-170m | 43(2) s | β- zu 170Er | 100 % | 120(70) keV | ||
Ho-171 | 53(2) s | β- zu 171Er | 100 % | 3,2(6) MeV | AL | |
Ho-172 | 25(3) s | β- zu 172Er | 100 % | 4,87 MeV | AL | |
Ho-173 | 6,9(5) s | β- zu 173Er | 100 % | 4,30(36) MeV | AL | |
Ho-174 | 3,2(11) s | β- zu 174Er β-, n zu 173Er | 100 % ? | 6,26(42) MeV | AL | |
Ho-175 | 1,9(6) s | β- zu 175Er β-, n zu 174Er | 100 % ? | 5,45(57) MeV 0,67(50) MeV | AL |
Erläuterungen zu den einzelnen Spalten:
1 - Symbol mit Nukleonenzahl.
2 - Z = Anzahl der Protonen (Ordnungszahl).
3 - Massenzahl A.
4 - N = Anzahl der Neutronen.
5 - Bezeichnung des Holmium-Isotops; gegebenenfalls Trivialnamen.
6 - Relative Atommasse des Holmium-Isotops (Isotopenmasse inklusive Elektronen) und in eckigen Klammern die Masse des Atomkerns (Kernmasse, Nuklidmasse ohne Elektronen), jeweils bezogen auf 12C = 12,00000 [2]. Zusätzlich ist der Massenüberschuss (Massenexzess) in MeV angegeben.
7 - Kernspin I, Einheit: h/2π.
8 - Kernmagnetisches Moment μmag.
9 - Ausgangsnuklide: Mögliche, angenommene oder tatsächliche Ausgangs-Nuklide (Mutternuklide, Elternnuklide). Die entsprechenden Zerfalls-Modi sind gegebenenfalls bei den Daten des jeweiligen Ausgangsnuklids zu finden.
10 - Zerfall: Halbwertszeiten des Holmium-Isotops mit a = Jahre; ; d = Tage; h = Stunden; min = Minuten; s = Sekunden.
11 - Zerfall: Zerfallsart in die jeweiligen Tochternuklide mit n = Neutronenemission; p = Protonenemission; α = Alpha-Zerfall; ß- = Beta-Minus-Zerfall unter Elektronenemission; EE = Elektroneneinfang; ß+ = Positronenemission; ε = ß+ und/oder EE; Iso = Isomerieübergang; CZ = Cluster-Zerfall; SZ = Spontanzerfall.
12 - Zerfall: Zerfallsanteil in Prozent (%).
13 - Zerfall: Zerfallsenergie; Partikelenergie bezogen auf Zerfallsart.
14 - AE = Anregungsenergie für metastabile Kerne.
15 - Sonstige Informationen und Hinweise: AL = Weitere Niveaus, so genannte Adopted Levels (Verlinkung auf externe Daten [1]).
Sonstige:
()- Eingeklammerte Ziffern: Unsicherheit zur Darstellung der Streubreite des angegebenen Wertes.
~ - Theoretische Werte oder systematische Trends.
- ungelistet-: Nuklide, die in der Literatur bereits erwänhnt wurden, aber aus irgendwelchen Gründen in den aktuellen Nuklidtabellen nicht mehr zu finden sind, weil sich deren Entdeckung z. B. nicht bestätigt hat.
NMR-aktive Holmium-Nuklide
Nuklid Anteil Spin I | Kernmagnetisches Moment μ/μN | Gyromagnetisches Verhältnis 107 rad T-1 s-1 | Quadrupol- Moment Q [barn] | Resonanz- Frequenz v0 bei 1 T | Relative Empfindlichkeit H0 = const. v0 = const. * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
165Ho 100 % 7/2- | + 4,177(5) | 5,710 | + 3,58(2) | 9,0883 | 0,20423 4,4826 |
*) bezogen auf 1H = 1,000
Strahlenschutz
Für den Umgang mit den Holmium-Radionukliden gelten gemäß Strahlenschutzverordnung (StrlSchV 2018) unter anderem folgende Werte (Spalten 1 bis 7):
Nuklid | Freigrenzen | HRQ-Schwelle | OFK | Tochternuklide | Halbwertszeit | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ho-155 | 106 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 48,0 Minuten | |||
Ho-157+ | 106 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 12,6 Minuten | |||
Ho-159 | 106 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 33,1 Minuten | |||
Ho-161 | 107 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 2,5 Stunden | |||
Ho-162 | 107 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 15,0 Minuten | |||
Ho-162m+ | 106 Bq | 10 Bq/g | 67,0 Minuten | |||
Ho-164 | 106 Bq | 1000 Bq/g | 28,6 Minuten | |||
Ho-164m+ | 107 Bq | 1000 Bq/g | 37,0 Minuten | |||
Ho-166 | 105 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 2 TBq | 100 Bq cm-2 | 26,8 Stunden | |
Ho-166m | 106 Bq | 0,1 Bq/g | 0,04 TBq | 1200 Jahre | ||
Ho-167+ | 106 Bq | 100 Bq/g | 3,1 Stunden |
(HRQ = Hochradioaktive Quellen; OFK = Oberflächenkontamination)
Kernisobare Nuklide des Holmiums
Zu den Holmium-Nukliden isobare Atomkerne befinden sich in der jeweiligen Tabellenzeile; Z = Ordnungszahl; A = Nukleonenzahl (Massenzahl).
Z: | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | Sb | Te | I | Xe | Cs | Ba | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg |
140 | 140Sb | 140Te | 140I | 140Xe | 140Cs | 140Ba | 140La | 140Ce | 140Pr | 140Nd | 140Pm | 140Sm | 140Eu | 140Gd | 140Tb | 140Dy | 140Ho | |||||||||||||
141 | 141Te | 141I | 141Xe | 141Cs | 141Ba | 141La | 141Ce | 141Pr | 141Nd | 141Pm | 141Sm | 141Eu | 141Gd | 141Tb | 141Dy | 141Ho | ||||||||||||||
142 | 142Te | 142I | 142Xe | 142Cs | 142Ba | 142La | 142Ce | 142Pr | 142Nd | 142Pm | 142Sm | 142Eu | 142Gd | 142Tb | 142Dy | 142Ho | ||||||||||||||
143 | 143Te | 143I | 143Xe | 143Cs | 143Ba | 143La | 143Ce | 143Pr | 143Nd | 143Pm | 143Sm | 143Eu | 143Gd | 143Tb | 143Dy | 143Ho | 143Er | |||||||||||||
144 | 144I | 144Xe | 144Cs | 144Ba | 144La | 144Ce | 144Pr | 144Nd | 144Pm | 144Sm | 144Eu | 144Gd | 144Tb | 144Dy | 144Ho | 144Er | 144Tm | |||||||||||||
145 | 145I | 145Xe | 145Cs | 145Ba | 145La | 145Ce | 145Pr | 145Nd | 145Pm | 145Sm | 145Eu | 145Gd | 145Tb | 145Dy | 145Ho | 145Er | 145Tm | |||||||||||||
146 | 146Xe | 146Cs | 146Ba | 146La | 146Ce | 146Pr | 146Nd | 146Pm | 146Sm | 146Eu | 146Gd | 146Tb | 146Dy | 146Ho | 146Er | 146Tm | ||||||||||||||
147 | 147Xe | 147Cs | 147Ba | 147La | 147Ce | 147Pr | 147Nd | 147Pm | 147Sm | 147Eu | 147Gd | 147Tb | 147Dy | 147Ho | 147Er | 147Tm | ||||||||||||||
148 | 148Xe | 148Cs | 148Ba | 148La | 148Ce | 148Pr | 148Nd | 148Pm | 148Sm | 148Eu | 148Gd | 148Tb | 148Dy | 148Ho | 148Er | 148Tm | 148Yb | |||||||||||||
149 | 149Cs | 149Ba | 149La | 149Ce | 149Pr | 149Nd | 149Pm | 149Sm | 149Eu | 149Gd | 149Tb | 149Dy | 149Ho | 149Er | 149Tm | 149Yb | ||||||||||||||
150 | 150Cs | 150Ba | 150La | 150Ce | 150Pr | 150Nd | 150Pm | 150Sm | 150Eu | 150Gd | 150Tb | 150Dy | 150Ho | 150Er | 150Tm | 150Yb | 150Lu | |||||||||||||
151 | 151Cs | 151Ba | 151La | 151Ce | 151Pr | 151Nd | 151Pm | 151Sm | 151Eu | 151Gd | 151Tb | 151Dy | 151Ho | 151Er | 151Tm | 151Yb | 151Lu | |||||||||||||
152 | 152Ba | 152La | 152Ce | 152Pr | 152Nd | 152Pm | 152Sm | 152Eu | 152Gd | 152Tb | 152Dy | 152Ho | 152Er | 152Tm | 152Yb | 152Lu | ||||||||||||||
153 | 153Ba | 153La | 153Ce | 153Pr | 153Nd | 153Pm | 153Sm | 153Eu | 153Gd | 153Tb | 153Dy | 153Ho | 153Er | 153Tm | 153Yb | 153Lu | 153Hf | |||||||||||||
154 | 154La | 154Ce | 154Pr | 154Nd | 154Pm | 154Sm | 154Eu | 154Gd | 154Tb | 154Dy | 154Ho | 154Er | 154Tm | 154Yb | 154Lu | 154Hf | ||||||||||||||
155 | 155La | 155Ce | 155Pr | 155Nd | 155Pm | 155Sm | 155Eu | 155Gd | 155Tb | 155Dy | 155Ho | 155Er | 155Tm | 155Yb | 155Lu | 155Hf | 155Ta | |||||||||||||
156 | 156Ce | 156Pr | 156Nd | 156Pm | 156Sm | 156Eu | 156Gd | 156Tb | 156Dy | 156Ho | 156Er | 156Tm | 156Yb | 156Lu | 156Hf | 156Ta | ||||||||||||||
157 | 157Ce | 157Pr | 157Nd | 157Pm | 157Sm | 157Eu | 157Gd | 157Tb | 157Dy | 157Ho | 157Er | 157Tm | 157Yb | 157Lu | 157Hf | 157Ta | ||||||||||||||
158 | 158Pr | 158Nd | 158Pm | 158Sm | 158Eu | 158Gd | 158Tb | 158Dy | 158Ho | 158Er | 158Tm | 158Yb | 158Lu | 158Hf | 158Ta | 158W | ||||||||||||||
159 | 159Pr | 159Nd | 159Pm | 159Sm | 159Eu | 159Gd | 159Tb | 159Dy | 159Ho | 159Er | 159Tm | 159Yb | 159Lu | 159Hf | 159Ta | 159W | 159Re | |||||||||||||
160 | 160Nd | 160Pm | 160Sm | 160Eu | 160Gd | 160Tb | 160Dy | 160Ho | 160Er | 160Tm | 160Yb | 160Lu | 160Hf | 160Ta | 160W | 160Re | ||||||||||||||
161 | 161Nd | 161Pm | 161Sm | 161Eu | 161Gd | 161Tb | 161Dy | 161Ho | 161Er | 161Tm | 161Yb | 161Lu | 161Hf | 161Ta | 161W | 161Re | 161Os | |||||||||||||
162 | 162Pm | 162Sm | 162Eu | 162Gd | 162Tb | 162Dy | 162Ho | 162Er | 162Tm | 162Yb | 162Lu | 162Hf | 162Ta | 162W | 162Re | 162Os | ||||||||||||||
163 | 163Pm | 163Sm | 163Eu | 163Gd | 163Tb | 163Dy | 163Ho | 163Er | 163Tm | 163Yb | 163Lu | 163Hf | 163Ta | 163W | 163Re | 163Os | ||||||||||||||
164 | 164Sm | 164Eu | 164Gd | 164Tb | 164Dy | 164Ho | 164Er | 164Tm | 164Yb | 164Lu | 164Hf | 164Ta | 164W | 164Re | 164Os | 164Ir | ||||||||||||||
165 | 165Sm | 165Eu | 165Gd | 165Tb | 165Dy | 165Ho | 165Er | 165Tm | 165Yb | 165Lu | 165Hf | 165Ta | 165W | 165Re | 165Os | 165Ir | ||||||||||||||
166 | 166Eu | 166Gd | 166Tb | 166Dy | 166Ho | 166Er | 166Tm | 166Yb | 166Lu | 166Hf | 166Ta | 166W | 166Re | 166Os | 166Ir | 166Pt | ||||||||||||||
167 | 167Gd | 167Tb | 167Dy | 167Ho | 167Er | 167Tm | 167Yb | 167Lu | 167Hf | 167Ta | 167W | 167Re | 167Os | 167Ir | 167Pt | |||||||||||||||
168 | 168Gd | 168Tb | 168Dy | 168Ho | 168Er | 168Tm | 168Yb | 168Lu | 168Hf | 168Ta | 168W | 168Re | 168Os | 168Ir | 168Pt | |||||||||||||||
169 | 169Gd | 169Tb | 169Dy | 169Ho | 169Er | 169Tm | 169Yb | 169Lu | 169Hf | 169Ta | 169W | 169Re | 169Os | 169Ir | 169Pt | |||||||||||||||
170 | 170Tb | 170Dy | 170Ho | 170Er | 170Tm | 170Yb | 170Lu | 170Hf | 170Ta | 170W | 170Re | 170Os | 170Ir | 170Pt | 170Au | |||||||||||||||
171 | 171Tb | 171Dy | 171Ho | 171Er | 171Tm | 171Yb | 171Lu | 171Hf | 171Ta | 171W | 171Re | 171Os | 171Ir | 171Pt | 171Au | 171Hg | ||||||||||||||
172 | 172Dy | 172Ho | 172Er | 172Tm | 172Yb | 172Lu | 172Hf | 172Ta | 172W | 172Re | 172Os | 172Ir | 172Pt | 172Au | 172Hg | |||||||||||||||
173 | 173Dy | 173Ho | 173Er | 173Tm | 173Yb | 173Lu | 173Hf | 173Ta | 173W | 173Re | 173Os | 173Ir | 173Pt | 173Au | 173Hg | |||||||||||||||
174 | 174Ho | 174Er | 174Tm | 174Yb | 174Lu | 174Hf | 174Ta | 174W | 174Re | 174Os | 174Ir | 174Pt | 174Au | 174Hg | ||||||||||||||||
175 | 175Ho | 175Er | 175Tm | 175Yb | 175Lu | 175Hf | 175Ta | 175W | 175Re | 175Os | 175Ir | 175Pt | 175Au | 175Hg |
Kernisotone Nuklide des Holmiums
Die zu den Holmium-Kernen isotonen Nuklide befinden sich in der jeweiligen Tabellenzeile; N = Anzahl der Neutronen.
73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | 108 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
114Nb | 115Nb | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
115Mo | 116Mo | 117Mo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
116Tc | 117Tc | 118Tc | 119Tc | 120Tc | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
117Ru | 118Ru | 119Ru | 120Ru | 121Ru | 122Ru | 123Ru | 124Ru | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
118Rh | 119Rh | 120Rh | 121Rh | 122Rh | 123Rh | 124Rh | 125Rh | 126Rh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
119Pd | 120Pd | 121Pd | 122Pd | 123Pd | 124Pd | 125Pd | 126Pd | 127Pd | 128Pd | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
120Ag | 121Ag | 122Ag | 123Ag | 124Ag | 125Ag | 126Ag | 127Ag | 128Ag | 129Ag | 130Ag | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
121Cd | 122Cd | 123Cd | 124Cd | 125Cd | 126Cd | 127Cd | 128Cd | 129Cd | 130Cd | 131Cd | 132Cd | 133Cd | |||||||||||||||||||||||
122In | 123In | 124In | 125In | 126In | 127In | 128In | 129In | 130In | 131In | 132In | 133In | 134In | 135In | ||||||||||||||||||||||
123Sn | 124Sn | 125Sn | 126Sn | 127Sn | 128Sn | 129Sn | 130Sn | 131Sn | 132Sn | 133Sn | 134Sn | 135Sn | 136Sn | 137Sn | 138Sn | ||||||||||||||||||||
124Sb | 125Sb | 126Sb | 127Sb | 128Sb | 129Sb | 130Sb | 131Sb | 132Sb | 133Sb | 134Sb | 135Sb | 136Sb | 137Sb | 138Sb | 139Sb | 140Sb | |||||||||||||||||||
125Te | 126Te | 127Te | 128Te | 129Te | 130Te | 131Te | 132Te | 133Te | 134Te | 135Te | 136Te | 137Te | 138Te | 139Te | 140Te | 141Te | 142Te | 143Te | |||||||||||||||||
126I | 127I | 128I | 129I | 130I | 131I | 132I | 133I | 134I | 135I | 136I | 137I | 138I | 139I | 140I | 141I | 142I | 143I | 144I | 145I | ||||||||||||||||
127Xe | 128Xe | 129Xe | 130Xe | 131Xe | 132Xe | 133Xe | 134Xe | 135Xe | 136Xe | 137Xe | 138Xe | 139Xe | 140Xe | 141Xe | 142Xe | 143Xe | 144Xe | 145Xe | 146Xe | 147Xe | 148Xe | ||||||||||||||
128Cs | 129Cs | 130Cs | 131Cs | 132Cs | 133Cs | 134Cs | 135Cs | 136Cs | 137Cs | 138Cs | 139Cs | 140Cs | 141Cs | 142Cs | 143Cs | 144Cs | 145Cs | 146Cs | 147Cs | 148Cs | 149Cs | 150Cs | 151Cs | ||||||||||||
129Ba | 130Ba | 131Ba | 132Ba | 133Ba | 134Ba | 135Ba | 136Ba | 137Ba | 138Ba | 139Ba | 140Ba | 141Ba | 142Ba | 143Ba | 144Ba | 145Ba | 146Ba | 147Ba | 148Ba | 149Ba | 150Ba | 151Ba | 152Ba | 153Ba | |||||||||||
130La | 131La | 132La | 133La | 134La | 135La | 136La | 137La | 138La | 139La | 140La | 141La | 142La | 143La | 144La | 145La | 146La | 147La | 148La | 149La | 150La | 151La | 152La | 153La | 154La | 155La | ||||||||||
131Ce | 132Ce | 133Ce | 134Ce | 135Ce | 136Ce | 137Ce | 138Ce | 139Ce | 140Ce | 141Ce | 142Ce | 143Ce | 144Ce | 145Ce | 146Ce | 147Ce | 148Ce | 149Ce | 150Ce | 151Ce | 152Ce | 153Ce | 154Ce | 155Ce | 156Ce | 157Ce | |||||||||
132Pr | 133Pr | 134Pr | 135Pr | 136Pr | 137Pr | 138Pr | 139Pr | 140Pr | 141Pr | 142Pr | 143Pr | 144Pr | 145Pr | 146Pr | 147Pr | 148Pr | 149Pr | 150Pr | 151Pr | 152Pr | 153Pr | 154Pr | 155Pr | 156Pr | 157Pr | 158Pr | 159Pr | ||||||||
133Nd | 134Nd | 135Nd | 136Nd | 137Nd | 138Nd | 139Nd | 140Nd | 141Nd | 142Nd | 143Nd | 144Nd | 145Nd | 146Nd | 147Nd | 148Nd | 149Nd | 150Nd | 151Nd | 152Nd | 153Nd | 154Nd | 155Nd | 156Nd | 157Nd | 158Nd | 159Nd | 160Nd | 161Nd | |||||||
134Pm | 135Pm | 136Pm | 137Pm | 138Pm | 139Pm | 140Pm | 141Pm | 142Pm | 143Pm | 144Pm | 145Pm | 146Pm | 147Pm | 148Pm | 149Pm | 150Pm | 151Pm | 152Pm | 153Pm | 154Pm | 155Pm | 156Pm | 157Pm | 158Pm | 159Pm | 160Pm | 161Pm | 162Pm | 163Pm | ||||||
135Sm | 136Sm | 137Sm | 138Sm | 139Sm | 140Sm | 141Sm | 142Sm | 143Sm | 144Sm | 145Sm | 146Sm | 147Sm | 148Sm | 149Sm | 150Sm | 151Sm | 152Sm | 153Sm | 154Sm | 155Sm | 156Sm | 157Sm | 158Sm | 159Sm | 160Sm | 161Sm | 162Sm | 163Sm | 164Sm | 165Sm | |||||
136Eu | 137Eu | 138Eu | 139Eu | 140Eu | 141Eu | 142Eu | 143Eu | 144Eu | 145Eu | 146Eu | 147Eu | 148Eu | 149Eu | 150Eu | 151Eu | 152Eu | 153Eu | 154Eu | 155Eu | 156Eu | 157Eu | 158Eu | 159Eu | 160Eu | 161Eu | 162Eu | 163Eu | 164Eu | 165Eu | 166Eu | 167Eu | 168Eu | |||
137Gd | 138Gd | 139Gd | 140Gd | 141Gd | 142Gd | 143Gd | 144Gd | 145Gd | 146Gd | 147Gd | 148Gd | 149Gd | 150Gd | 151Gd | 152Gd | 153Gd | 154Gd | 155Gd | 156Gd | 157Gd | 158Gd | 159Gd | 160Gd | 161Gd | 162Gd | 163Gd | 164Gd | 165Gd | 166Gd | 167Gd | 168Gd | 169Gd | |||
138Tb | 139Tb | 140Tb | 141Tb | 142Tb | 143Tb | 144Tb | 145Tb | 146Tb | 147Tb | 148Tb | 149Tb | 150Tb | 151Tb | 152Tb | 153Tb | 154Tb | 155Tb | 156Tb | 157Tb | 158Tb | 159Tb | 160Tb | 161Tb | 162Tb | 163Tb | 164Tb | 165Tb | 166Tb | 167Tb | 168Tb | 169Tb | 170Tb | 171Tb | ||
139Dy | 140Dy | 141Dy | 142Dy | 143Dy | 144Dy | 145Dy | 146Dy | 147Dy | 148Dy | 149Dy | 150Dy | 151Dy | 152Dy | 153Dy | 154Dy | 155Dy | 156Dy | 157Dy | 158Dy | 159Dy | 160Dy | 161Dy | 162Dy | 163Dy | 164Dy | 165Dy | 166Dy | 167Dy | 168Dy | 169Dy | 170Dy | 171Dy | 172Dy | 173Dy | |
140Ho | 141Ho | 142Ho | 143Ho | 144Ho | 145Ho | 146Ho | 147Ho | 148Ho | 149Ho | 150Ho | 151Ho | 152Ho | 153Ho | 154Ho | 155Ho | 156Ho | 157Ho | 158Ho | 159Ho | 160Ho | 161Ho | 162Ho | 163Ho | 164Ho | 165Ho | 166Ho | 167Ho | 168Ho | 169Ho | 170Ho | 171Ho | 172Ho | 173Ho | 174Ho | 175Ho |
143Er | 144Er | 145Er | 146Er | 147Er | 148Er | 149Er | 150Er | 151Er | 152Er | 153Er | 154Er | 155Er | 156Er | 157Er | 158Er | 159Er | 160Er | 161Er | 162Er | 163Er | 164Er | 165Er | 166Er | 167Er | 168Er | 169Er | 170Er | 171Er | 172Er | 173Er | 174Er | 175Er | 176Er | ||
144Tm | 145Tm | 146Tm | 147Tm | 148Tm | 149Tm | 150Tm | 151Tm | 152Tm | 153Tm | 154Tm | 155Tm | 156Tm | 157Tm | 158Tm | 159Tm | 160Tm | 161Tm | 162Tm | 163Tm | 164Tm | 165Tm | 166Tm | 167Tm | 168Tm | 169Tm | 170Tm | 171Tm | 172Tm | 173Tm | 174Tm | 175Tm | 176Tm | 177Tm | ||
148Yb | 149Yb | 150Yb | 151Yb | 152Yb | 153Yb | 154Yb | 155Yb | 156Yb | 157Yb | 158Yb | 159Yb | 160Yb | 161Yb | 162Yb | 163Yb | 164Yb | 165Yb | 166Yb | 167Yb | 168Yb | 169Yb | 170Yb | 171Yb | 172Yb | 173Yb | 174Yb | 175Yb | 176Yb | 177Yb | 178Yb | |||||
150Lu | 151Lu | 152Lu | 153Lu | 154Lu | 155Lu | 156Lu | 157Lu | 158Lu | 159Lu | 160Lu | 161Lu | 162Lu | 163Lu | 164Lu | 165Lu | 166Lu | 167Lu | 168Lu | 169Lu | 170Lu | 171Lu | 172Lu | 173Lu | 174Lu | 175Lu | 176Lu | 177Lu | 178Lu | 179Lu | ||||||
153Hf | 154Hf | 155Hf | 156Hf | 157Hf | 158Hf | 159Hf | 160Hf | 161Hf | 162Hf | 163Hf | 164Hf | 165Hf | 166Hf | 167Hf | 168Hf | 169Hf | 170Hf | 171Hf | 172Hf | 173Hf | 174Hf | 175Hf | 176Hf | 177Hf | 178Hf | 179Hf | 180Hf | ||||||||
155Ta | 156Ta | 157Ta | 158Ta | 159Ta | 160Ta | 161Ta | 162Ta | 163Ta | 164Ta | 165Ta | 166Ta | 167Ta | 168Ta | 169Ta | 170Ta | 171Ta | 172Ta | 173Ta | 174Ta | 175Ta | 176Ta | 177Ta | 178Ta | 179Ta | 180Ta | 181Ta | |||||||||
158W | 159W | 160W | 161W | 162W | 163W | 164W | 165W | 166W | 167W | 168W | 169W | 170W | 171W | 172W | 173W | 174W | 175W | 176W | 177W | 178W | 179W | 180W | 181W | 182W | |||||||||||
159Re | 160Re | 161Re | 162Re | 163Re | 164Re | 165Re | 166Re | 167Re | 168Re | 169Re | 170Re | 171Re | 172Re | 173Re | 174Re | 175Re | 176Re | 177Re | 178Re | 179Re | 180Re | 181Re | 182Re | 183Re | |||||||||||
161Os | 162Os | 163Os | 164Os | 165Os | 166Os | 167Os | 168Os | 169Os | 170Os | 171Os | 172Os | 173Os | 174Os | 175Os | 176Os | 177Os | 178Os | 179Os | 180Os | 181Os | 182Os | 183Os | 184Os | ||||||||||||
164Ir | 165Ir | 166Ir | 167Ir | 168Ir | 169Ir | 170Ir | 171Ir | 172Ir | 173Ir | 174Ir | 175Ir | 176Ir | 177Ir | 178Ir | 179Ir | 180Ir | 181Ir | 182Ir | 183Ir | 184Ir | 185Ir | ||||||||||||||
166Pt | 167Pt | 168Pt | 169Pt | 170Pt | 171Pt | 172Pt | 173Pt | 174Pt | 175Pt | 176Pt | 177Pt | 178Pt | 179Pt | 180Pt | 181Pt | 182Pt | 183Pt | 184Pt | 185Pt | 186Pt | |||||||||||||||
170Au | 171Au | 172Au | 173Au | 174Au | 175Au | 176Au | 177Au | 178Au | 179Au | 180Au | 181Au | 182Au | 183Au | 184Au | 185Au | 186Au | 187Au | ||||||||||||||||||
171Hg | 172Hg | 173Hg | 174Hg | 175Hg | 176Hg | 177Hg | 178Hg | 179Hg | 180Hg | 181Hg | 182Hg | 183Hg | 184Hg | 185Hg | 186Hg | 187Hg | 188Hg | ||||||||||||||||||
176Tl | 177Tl | 178Tl | 179Tl | 180Tl | 181Tl | 182Tl | 183Tl | 184Tl | 185Tl | 186Tl | 187Tl | 188Tl | 189Tl | ||||||||||||||||||||||
178Pb | 179Pb | 180Pb | 181Pb | 182Pb | 183Pb | 184Pb | 185Pb | 186Pb | 187Pb | 188Pb | 189Pb | 190Pb | |||||||||||||||||||||||
184Bi | 185Bi | 186Bi | 187Bi | 188Bi | 189Bi | 190Bi | 191Bi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
187Po | 188Po | 189Po | 190Po | 191Po | 192Po | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
191At | 192At | 193At | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
193Rn | 194Rn |
Literatur und Hinweise
Eigenschaften der Holmium-Isotope
[1] - NuDat: National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, based on ENSDF and the Nuclear Wallet Cards.
[2] - G. Audi et. al.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics, (2003), DOI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
[3] - Live Chart of Nuclides. Nuclear structure and decay data.
Holmium: Kernmagnetische Eigenschaften - 165Ho-NMR
[4] - N. J. Stone: Table of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2005), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.04.001.
[5] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2008 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2008), DOI 10.1080/00268970802018367.
[6] - Pekka Pyykkö: Year-2017 nuclear quadrupole moments. Molecular Physics, (2018), DOI 10.1080/00268976.2018.1426131.
[7] - N. J. Stone: Table of recommended nuclear magnetic dipole moments. IAEA, (2019).
Weitere Quellen:
[8] - Isotopenhäufigkeiten, Atommassen und Isotopenmassen: Siehe unter dem jeweiligen Stichwort.
[9] - C. Fry, M. Thoennessen:
Discovery of dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium and ytterbium isotopes.
In: Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, (2012), DOI 10.1016/j.adt.2012.05.004.
[10] - T. P. D. Swan, P. M. Walker, Zs. Podolyák, M. W. Reed, G. D. Dracoulis, G. J. Lane, T. Kibédi, M. L. Smith:
Discovery of isomers in dysprosium, holmium, and erbium isotopes with N=94 to 97.
In: Physical Review C, (2012), DOI 10.1103/PhysRevC.85.024313.
Kategorie: Chemische Elemente
Letzte Änderung am 05.06.2023.
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